Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma bunius

Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma bunius A Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng. Ivan L. Lawagai,* Suad Naheedb, Mohammed Mosihuzzamanc, Allan, Patrick G. Macabeoadeg, Erickson Paragasefk, Peter Prokschh, Alicia M. Aguinaldoaeg Catchphrases: Antidesma, Antidesma bunius, Amentoflavone, Betasitosterol, biflavone, sterols 1. Subject and source Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng. (Euphrbiaceae) ‘‘bignay† is a typical plant found all through the Philippines. The bark is harmful as it contains an alkaloid in this manner, is utilized therapeutically. The leaves are acidic and diaphoretic, and, when youthful, these are overflowed with pot-herbs, and utilized by the locals in syphilitic diseases (Quisumbing, 1978). The leaves are sudorific and are utilized in rewarding snakebite in Asia (Morton, 1987). The leaves of Antidesma bunius, ordinarily known as â€Å"bignay†, are generally utilized by local Filipinos to control diabetes (Lawag et al., 2012). New leaves were gathered from the slopes of Brgy. Agustin Navarra, Ivisan, Capiz Province in January 2009. The plant was distinguished by Asst. Prof. Rosie A. Madulid and a voucher example (USTH 5357) is saved at the UST Herbarium, Botany Laboratory, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas (UST), Manila, Philippines. 2. Past work Dammara-20, 24-dien-3î ²-ol and friedelin were disengaged from the stem and leaves of A. bunius (Hui and Sung, 1968). In 2008, Samappito and Butkhup distinguished the flavonoids catechin, Procyanidin B1 and Procyanidin B2 from the leafy foods corrosive, quercetin, catechin and epicatechin were additionally identified from the products of A. bunius (Santiago et al., 2005). 3. Present examination 3.1. Extraction and disconnection Dried and ground leaves Antidesma bunius (1610 g) were separated with 80% ethanol to give a green sweet concentrate (240.0 g) which was exposed to vacuum fluid chromatography (VLC) utilizing solvents of expanding extremity beginning with hexane, hexane-dichloromethane (1:1), dichloromethane, dichloromethane - ethyl acetic acid derivation (1:1), ethyl acetic acid derivation, ethyl acetic acid derivation methanol (1:1), and methanol to give seven parts. The fifth division (4.04 g) was additionally fractionated twice on silica gel pressed on VLC utilizing solvents of expanding extremity beginning from hexane and consummation with methanol giving five parts each, separately. Portion three which was sanitized twice on silica gel utilizing hexane-dichloromethane (1:1) and hexane-dichloromethane (95:5) outfitted 1 (16.13 mg). Confinement of 2: the fourth division (12.34 g) after VLC was chromatographed on silica gel utilizing 5-10% angles of methanol in dichloromethane to give ten portions. Division three (42.3 mg) was additionally sanitized utilizing Sephadex LH20 utilizing 20% inclinations of methanol in DCM to give 2 (5.9 mg). (1)(2) 3.2. ID of filtered mixes The mixes were recognized as Stigmast-5-en-3î ²-ol or ÃŽ ²-sitosterol, a plant sterol, (1) (Balamurugan et al., 2012) and (Sosinska, et al., 2013) and 3,8-biapigenin (Amentoflavone), a biflavone (2) (Chari et al., 1977) and (Ryu et al., 2010) based on their IR, LR-EIMS, LR-ESIMS and NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H Cozy, HMBC and HSQC) otherworldly information and by correlation of spectra reports with the writing. 4. Chemotaxonomic noteworthiness Other Antidesma species like A. menasu (Risvi et al., 1980a), (Risvi et al., 1980b) and A. pentandrum (Chen et al., 2004), (Kikuchi, 1983) are known to contain plant sterols. A. puncticulatum is known to contain flavonoids (Nuengchamnong and Ingkaninan, 2009), while A. laciniatum was accounted for to contain both plant sterols and flavonoids (Tchinda et al., 2006). The separation procedure that was directly preformed on the ethanolic leaf concentrate of A. bunius managed mixes 1 and 2 which were lucid to the exacerbates that were recently segregated or detailed from the other Antidesma species. Despite the fact that the said mixes were accounted for the absolute first time in A. bunius, compound 1 was additionally answered to be available in A. pentandrum (Chen et al., 2004) and in A. laciniatum (Tchinda et al., 2006), while compound 2 was accounted for to be available in A. laciniatum (Tchinda et al., 2006). This further builds up the chemotaxonomic relationship of A. bunius towards different types of the family Antidesma. In spite of the fact that plant sterols (Hui and Sung, 1968) and biflavones (Samappito and Butkhup, 2008), (Santiago et al., 2005) were recently announced in the leaf and bark removes A. bunius, this is the primary report that demonstrated the nearness of ÃŽ ²-sitosterol (1) and Amentoflavone (2). Mixes 1 and 2 along these lines signify the rundown of secluded and recognized mixes from the leaves of A. bunius. References Quisumbing, E., 1978. Therapeutic Plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing Inc., Quezon City, Philippines. Balamurugan, R., Stalin, A. furthermore, Ignacimuthu, S., 2012. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 47, 38 †43. Chari, V. M., Ilyas, M., Wagner, H., Neszmelyi, A., Chen, F., Chen, L., Lin, Y., Lin, Y., 1977. Phytochemistry 16, 1273 †1278. Chen, Y.C.; Cheng, M.J.; Lee, S.J.; Dixit, A.K., Ishikawa, T., Tsai, I.L.; Chen, I.S., 2004. Helvetica Chimica Acta 87 (11), 2805 †2811. Hui, W. H.; Sung, M. L., 1968. Australian Journal of Chemistry 21(8), 2137-40. Kikuchi, H., Tensho, A., Shimizu, I., Shiokawa, H., Kuno, A., Yamada, S., Fujiwara, T., Tomita, K., 1983. Science Letters (4), 603 â€606. Lawag, I., Aguinaldo, A., Naheed, S., Mossihuzzaman, M., 2012. Diary of Ethnopharmacology 144(1), 217 †219. Morton, J., 1987. Bignay. p. 210â€212. Products of Warm Climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL. Nuengchamnong, N., and Ingkaninan, K., 2010. Food Chemistry 118, 147 †152. Samappito, S.; Butkhup, L., 2008. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 11 (13), 1654 †1661. Santiago, D.M.O., 2005. MS Thesis University of the Philippines, Los Banos. Sosinska, E., Przybylski, R., Hazendonk, P., Zhao, Y. Y., Curtis, J., 2013. Food Chemistry 139, 464 †474. Rizvi, S. H. Shoeb, A. Kapil, R. S. Popli, S. P., 1980. Experientia 36. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel (Schweiz). Rizvi, S., Shoeb, A., Kapil, R., Popli, S., 1980. Phytochemistry 19 (11), 2409 †10. Ryu, Y. B., Jeong, H. J., Kima, J. H., Kima, Y. M., Park, J., Kim, D., Naguyen, T.T.H., Park, S., Chang, J. S., Park, K. H., Rho, M., Lee, W. S., 2010. Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry 18, 7940 †7947. Tchinda, A..; Teshome, A.; Dagne, E.; Arnold, N.; Wessjohann, L., 2006. Release of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 20 (2), 325 †328. Current Affiliations: iChemistry Department, Adamson University, Ermita, Manila, Philippines. jJinnah University for Women, Nazimabad, Karachi, Pakistan kDepartment of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA * Corresponding creator. Email address:*[emailprotected] (I.L. Lawag)

Muhammad Ali Essays (404 words) - Muhammad Ali,

Muhammad Ali The name Muhammad Ali needs no presentation in the games business. This man is a living legend. Ali has achieved my accomplishments during a period whenever African-Americas weren't permitted any chances. The vocation of Cassius Clay started at twelve years old. After his fresh out of the plastic new bicycle had been taken at the Louisville Home Show. He needed to ?challenge? the criminals so seriously that he started to take boxing exercises. His first triumph was a three cycle, three-minute split choice match. As he turned out to be progressively committed to boxing, Clay progressed to winning six Kentucky Golden Gloves Championships, two National Golden Glove competitions and two National AAU titles. He won a gold decoration at the 1960 Rome Olympics. The vocation feature for Cassius Clay was being titled heavyweight champion after his overcoming Sonny Liston. Ali adds to assortment of good cause and administrations. ? I am giving quite a bit of his life today recuperating the human soul. My picked way for doing this is my religion. ? cited Muhammad. He is making the Muhammad Ali focus in his old neighborhood of Louisville, Kentucky. A definitive objective of the Muhammad Ali focus is to rouse everybody wherever to be as well as can be expected be. It has been a fantasy of Ali to make a spot to share, educate and motivate individuals to be their best and seek after their fantasies. He likewise loans his name and nearness to yearning and neediness alleviation and supporting instruction endeavors of numerous types. Also, he advances reception and urging individuals to adore each other. When such a fierce man, Muhammad Ali currently has a progressively serene and strict perspective on life. Religion has instructed him that God needs every one of us to cherish one another and that adoration, not detest, is at the core of God's all-inclusive strategy. ? At the point when I was youthful, I was an expert fighter. In any case, that is not my ?field? any longer. My most significant activity presently is attempting to instruct individuals to treat each other with poise and regard.? Ali additionally accepts that the following thousand years will bring a brilliant time of resistance and comprehension among all individuals. Not just has he achieved astonishing objectives in his profession, however Ali has offered back to the network, went to bat for his privileges, and put forth attempt to show the world through religion. Muhammad Ali-Cassius Clay is a legend, a good example, and a saint. His impact upon society is remarkable. Accounts

5 Exam Study Tips for Students With ADHD

5 Exam Study Tips for Students With ADHD Studying for exams can be a very stressful experience when you have ADHD. You might find you spend much more time studying for exams than other students, yet your grades do not reflect your effort. This can leave you feeling disappointed, frustrated, and demotivated. Four challenging areas are: Deciding what topics are most important to studyStudying for the exam in the weeks leading before the exam (rather than waiting to the last minute)Being able to sit down and focus on studyingReading and remembering the material Here are some ADHD friendly tips to help you study for your exams.   1) Connect With Your Teacher at the Beginning of the Semester Preparing for exams starts early!  At the beginning of the semester or school year, make a point of introducing yourself to your teacher.  A positive, communicative relationship with your teacher or professor can make a big difference, especially if they are knowledgeable about learning issues that can be associated with ADHD. If not, share with them what areas are more difficult for you and the strategies you are using to help with learning. This lets your teacher know you are being proactive and are invested in doing well in class. It also corrects any misperceptions the teacher may have as sometimes ADHD behavior can look like you are not motivated or interested, such as arriving a few minutes late for class, gazing out of the window or missing a deadline. Class Notes Taking notes in class can be hard when you have ADHD. If you are eligible for student accommodations, you might be given a scribe.  This is when the office of student disabilities arranges for a student in your class to give you a copy of their notes. However, if you do not get this accommodation formally, why not identify a student in the class who is organized and good at note-taking, and ask if they would be willing to share notes. Getting the class notes is an important part of preparing for exams. 2) Approximately 1 Month Before the Exam As an exam date moves closer, ask your teacher for specific information about what topic areas will be covered on the exam. For example:Which chapters or readings will be in the exam?Will the lectures be the primary source for the exam?If your teacher has given out a review sheet, ask for their help so you can prioritize areas to study. If you don’t have a review sheet, gather together handouts, old quizzes, assignments on the topic and the class syllabus. Bring these with you when you meet with the teacher to get help in prioritizing areas of study for the test. Format Ask the teacher about the format of the exam and what type of questions should you expect. Will it be multiple choice, essay, or sets of problems to solve? Will you need to memorize facts or apply them? Will you need to define terms, compare and contrast or argue and support points? This will give you more information about how to study. Planning Some students skip the planning phase because they want to use their time to study. However, planning takes a relatively short amount of time, and it will help you avoid all-nighters and anxiety the exam day approaches. During your planning time, break down the material you need to study into manageable chunks so it doesn’t feel so overwhelming. Get help doing this if you need it, perhaps a friend, tutor, teacher, coach, or parent. Set up an exam study schedule. Decide what you will study first. Some people do better getting the harder, less known areas of study out of the way first. Others feel more motivated when they are able to get easier or more interesting aspects completed first. For many students with ADHD, getting started and staying focused while studying is a big part of the equation. Planning when you are going to study and what you will study at that time helps reduce procrastination and aids focus. How to Study When it is time to study, work in short blocks of time and then take a mini break. For example:Set a timer to go off after 30 minutes of studying (or whatever amount of time works best for you) and then take a break.During your breaks, get up and walk around,  or even do some jumping jacks.Then study again for another 30 minutes. Some students find that a small reward after a period of study helps to motivate them to study. Location Find a study area that helps you to focus. For some people that is a place that is free from distractions. Other students find they can concentrate best in a busy area, such as the library or a coffee shop. Other people like to vary their location. Learning Strategies Think about your learning style and how to match it up with the material you need to learn. Simple flashcards made from index cards are often helpful when you need to memorize terms, definitions or theories.Outlines are helpful in preparing for essay exams. Other ideas that can help you retain information include: Drawing diagrams and pictures  Explaining the concepts to a friendWriting or hearing the material again and againUsing mnemonics for difficult-to-remember information Study Groups There are pros and cons to studying in groups. When they are organized and focused, they can often improve learning. If larger groups are uncomfortable, you might find that studying with a friend helps you stay on track. “Teaching” the material to another student can also aid in learning. Tutor You may also want to explore the possibility of a tutor to help you organize your thoughts, prioritize study topics and help keep you focused. 3) The Night Before Exam Day Pack your book bag with all your necessary items such as pencils, paper, id, energy bar, water, and anything else you’ll need and set it by the door.Instead of staying up all night studying, go to bed and get some sleep. 4) Day of the Exam Eat some protein for breakfast.Arrive at the exam room a little early so that you will feel calm and organized.Good luck! 5) After the Exam Once you get the exam back, arrange a time to meet with your teacher to review your results. Ask for feedback on how you might have responded more comprehensively on essay sections and for any other recommendations your teacher may have to help. Advocating for yourself in this way not only helps give you more information about what you can do to improve your performance on the next test, but it also lets your teacher know you are invested and motivated to learn.